Brain

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🧪Why Science Is Important – One Example:  Childhood Exposure To Lead Toxins May Result In Dementia In Adulthood🧪

“Should childhood lead exposure prove pro-degenerative, the next twenty years will provide the last opportunities for possible early intervention to forestall greater degenerative disease burden across the aging lead-exposed population” (Reuben, 2018).

WHAT ARE LEAD TOXINS AND HOW CAN EXPOSURE RESULT IN DEMENTIA? – 

Lee, Lee, Warren, and Ferrie (2022) defined lead as a neurotoxicant that can harm the growing brains of children, and that harm can be irreversible!  “No amount of lead is considered safe for human consumption” (Lee, Lee, Warren, & Ferrie, 2022).

According to Cleveland Clinic (2024), “Neurotoxicity is an umbrella term for neurological damage that happens due to exposure to natural or manufactured toxins.”  Also, “There are hundreds of neurotoxicants. They can come in gas, liquid and/or solid form. For some neurotoxicants, trace amounts of them or a single exposure can cause symptoms. For others, only large amounts and/or repeated exposure cause noticeable symptoms” (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).

Further, “…lead-exposed children were significantly associated with reduced gray matter volume in areas responsible for memory function and dementia at age 45 (8) and lower language/executive function at age 64 (9)” (Lee, Lee, Warren, & Ferrie, 2022).

LEAD TOXIN EXPOSURE IS NOT NEW – THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The American Industrial Revolution, or as some scholars refer to it, “The American Industrial Evolution”, was exciting because the country was going from a mostly rural and agricultural country to windmills, manufacturing, steamboats, textiles, railroads, machinery, steel mills, industrial factories, electrical power, telephones, women and children working, and the Ford Model-T, to name a few inventions and innovations (Paradowski, 2021).  This modernization of America occurred during the late 18th century through the mid-19th century (Phase I), and then picked up from the mid-19th century through the early 20th century (Phase II) (Paradowski, 2021).  The reader can gather more information from  Niiler (2025) “How The Second Industrial Revolution Changed Americans’ Lives.”)  

The American transformation also brought along health and safety issues (Beck, 2026).

One particular issue was air pollution, which these new factories produced, releasing chemicals and grime into the atmosphere (Beck, 2026).  The coal mines offered a double whammy!  Coal mine workers (adult and child labor) were exposed to lead dust in the mines (inhalation).  People living near the mines were exposed because those particles were emitted into the air (Beck, 2026).

The homes built for workers were made of poor-quality materials, and it’s anyone’s guess what hazardous chemicals and materials were used during this era (Beck, 2026).  As an aside, construction workers who built the homes were also exposed to those chemicals and dust particles before the residents moved in.

HOW THE LEAD TOXINS ARE INTRODUCED TO CHILDREN – 

Rabin (2011) stated that, “It is well known that the major source of such poisonings is the lead paint applied to homes 40, 50, and 100 years ago.  And because as many as 25 – 30 million dwellings in the United States are estimated to have lead paint, it is not a problem that will be easily remedied(1).”

This paint could be found in “…homes on woodwork, baby cribs, and other furniture” (Rabin, 2011), and “window sills, porch railings” (Rabin, 2011).

McFarland, Hauer, and Reuben (2022) reported that lead is also found in gasoline and water pipes.  

Air, dust, and food are other sources of lead (Wang, Bakulski, Walker, Mukherjee, Dodge, Albin, Paulson, & Park, 2026).

“Lead is a developmental neurotoxicant in wide industrial use that was once broadly distributed in the environment (McFarland, Hauer, & Reuben, 2022).

According to McFarland, Hauer, and Reuben (2022):

“During the peak era of leaded gasoline in the United States, which ran from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, the average blood–lead level (BLL) for the general US population was routinely three to five times higher than the current reference value for clinical concern and case management referral (3.5 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood) (3–5). Consequently, millions of adults alive today were exposed to high levels of lead as children. While these exposures were deemed harmless at the time, animal studies and epidemiological evidence accrued in the intervening years reveal that such exposures likely disrupted healthy development across multiple organ systems (particularly the brain, bone, and cardiovascular systems), resulting in subtle deficits to important outcomes, such as cognitive ability, fine motor skills, and emotional regulation (6), that may influence the trajectory of a person’s life (e.g., their educational attainment, health, wealth, and happiness). These deficits largely persist across time and, in some cases, worsen (7, 8) and are now hypothesized to put individuals at risk for difficult-to-treat chronic and age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia (9–11).”

THERE WAS A LACK OF ACCURACY IN THE SCIENTIFIC TESTING INSTRUMENTS –

While childhood lead poisoning became an American health concern in the 1960’s – 1970’s, there were parents in the early part of the 20th century (1920’s – 1930’s) bringing their infants and small children to hospitals with symptoms associated with lead poisoning (Rabin, 2011).  During that era, doctors didn’t understand what medical conditions were being presented to them until there was an increase of those incidents and familiarity with symptoms (Rabin, 2011).  Colic, spasms, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, motor coordination, and convulsions are some of the symptoms associated with childhood exposure to lead (Rabin, 2011).

Blood lead tests are one method used to diagnose whether a child has lead poisoning (neurotoxin) (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).  Unfortunately, however, blood lead tests were not available until after 1940 (Rabin, 2011).  Bone X-rays were used in 1930 to determine lead absorption (Rabin, 2011).  

To gain a better understanding of how bone X-rays were beneficial in determining lead exposure, Wang, Bakulski, Walker, Mukherjee, Dodge, Albin, Paulson, and Park (2026) explained that, “Bone is the principal long-term reservoir for lead.  The greatest lead accumulation occurs during periods of high mineral deposition and can persist for decades.  Lead is then remobilized with age-related bone resorption, creating ongoing internal exposure despite contemporary declines in environmental lead.  Thus, bone lead levels serve as a marker of cumulative exposure, including exposures during earlier life.”

WHEN THOSE TOXINS ARE LOCAL –

We have been dealing with the issue of lead in my hometown of Cleveland, Ohio it seems like forever!  The health issues that result from the toxin are tragic because children are mainly affected.

Case Western Reserve University (2026) reported that “Cleveland has one of the highest percentage of children with elevated lead levels in the United States.”  In fact, “Cleveland has higher lead levels than Flint, Michigan, whose own lead problems sparked national coverage and outrage.”

In the Cleveland area, “…some neighborhoods seeing rates as high as 25 percent” (Case Western Reserve University, 2026).

One of the culprits of lead exposure is that approximately “90 percent of Cleveland’s housing supply was built before 1978, when lead paint was banned in consumer applications.”  Sadly, the potential exists that lead toxins remain in some of these dwellings, wreaking havoc on residents’ health, perhaps unbeknownst to them.

Hack (2026) talked about the endless opportunities through local government to remove these toxins in Cleveland, in Cuyahoga County suburbs, the programs available such as lead safe home repair grants, what residents can do to get their homes tested, and further  information in establishing cleaner communities and healthier children.

Neurotoxicity is an important term that Cleveland Clinic (2024) discussed because exposure to lead toxins can cause this neurological medical condition affecting the central nervous system.  An individual’s particular condition might be treatable or long-term.  Death can also occur.

“Neurotoxicity may result from exposure to excess amounts of normally nontoxic substances, like certain medications.  Or it can result from substances that are neurotoxic at all doses, like lead” (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).

Neurotoxins are airborne particles breathed into the body and ingested through foods and drinks.  Neurotoxins can be found in dust particles.

It doesn’t matter where we are or go.  Even in the cleanest environments, dust particles can land on our clothes, in our food, in our drinks and then enter our system.  Dust is airborne and travels.  It’s everywhere!

Cleveland Clinic (2024) emphasized the myriad of health conditions and symptoms that can occur when exposed to these airborne substances.  “Exposure to certain neurotoxicants during fetal development and early childhood has been associated with several conditions.”  And this is where things become increasingly interesting:   If there is a possibility that lead toxin exposure in childhood is associated with dementia in adulthood, those same children may experience the following conditions before dementia sets in:

Cleveland Clinic (2024):

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);
  • Learning disabilities;
  • Depression;
  • Anxiety;
  • Schizophrenia, and
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

As an aside, the discussion of the origins of autism have been particularly controversial over several years.  Could neurotoxins (i.e., lead) be a contributor to this medical condition in children?  Were these children poisoned innocently with lead toxins during their fetal development?  

It’s something to consider.

Vikki

References

Beck, E.  (2026).  Negative Impacts Of The Industrial Revolution:  A Detailed Summary.  Retrieved From https://historycrunch.com/negative-impacts-of-the-industrial-revolution/

Case Western Reserve University.  (2026).  Frances Payne Bolton School Of Nursing.  The Lead Paint Epidemic.  Retrieved From https://case.edu/nursing/research/research-studies-labs/cleveland-schools-lead-screening-project/lead-paint-epidemic

Cleveland Clinic.  (2024). Neurotoxicity.  Retrieved From https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/neurotoxicity

Hack, C.  (2026).  More Recent News.  Cuyahoga County Fails To Fully Spend State Lead Grant, Forfeiting Nearly $1.2 Million.  Retrieved From https://signalcleveland.org/cuyahoga-county-forfeits-nearly-1-2-million-in-lead-paint-grant/

Lee, H., Lee, M. W., Warren, J. R., & Ferrie, J.  (2022).  Childhood Lead Exposure Is Associated With Lower Cognitve Function At Older Ages.  Retrieved From https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn5164?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.yahoo.com%2F

McFarland, M. J., Hauer, M. E., & Reuben, A.  (2022). Half Of U.S. Population Exposed To Adverse Lead Levels In Early Childhood.  Retrieved From https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8931364/ 

Niiler, E.  (2025).  How The Second Industrial Revolution Changed Americans’ Lives.  The Rapid Advancement Of Mass Production And Transportation Made Life A Lot Faster.  Retrieved From https://www.history.com/articles/second-industrial-revolution-advances

Paradowski, R. J., PhD., (2021).  American Industrial Revolution.  Retrieved from https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/american-industrial-revolution

Rabin, R., MSPH.  (2011).  Warnings Unheeded:  A History Of Child Lead Poisoning. American Journal Of Public Health. Vol. 79(12):1668–1674. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.12.1668

Reuben, A.  (2018).  Childhood Lead Exposure And Adult Neurodegenerative Disease.  Retrieved From https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6454899/

Wang, X., Bakulski, K. M., Walker, E., Mukherjee, B., Dodge, H., Albin, R. L., Paulson, H. L., & Park, S. K.  (2026).  Exposure To Lead And Incidence Of Alzheimer’s Disease And All-Cause Dementia In The United States.  Retrieved From https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.71075

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Healthier Brains Through Caffeinated Drinks

You can read more at “Your Daily Coffee May Be Protecting Your Brain, 43-Year Study Finds” (Mass General, 2026). 

Vikki

Reference

Mass General Brigham. (2026, March 18). Your Daily Coffee May Be Protecting Your Brain, 43-Year Study Finds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 22, 2026, From www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/03/260318033138.htm

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World Mental Health Day

When every region on this planet has an adequate amount of mental health facilities, therapists, and medicine to treat its citizens, perhaps we can then say we’re entering a phase of global health success!  Many people are living in war-torn areas, while others are dealing with natural disasters.  These calamities take a toll on a person’s mental health.  That is one reason why mental health experts are especially important for these global residents.

The References

The following resources have a wealth of information for individuals experiencing mental health conditions, for those providing emotional support to loved ones who’ve been diagnosed, and others without conditions who simply wish to become more knowledgeable regarding mental health sciences.  

The Importance Of Relaxing

The following nature video (Relaxing Tree, 2020) is a reminder that visiting parks and listening to the sounds of nature can become a vital ingredient in having and maintaining calmness for positive mental health.  It can become a method of getting away from it all periodically!

[VIDEO:  4K RELAXING NATURE SOUNDS – SHORT VIDEO CLIPS OF NATURE:  SOURCE:  RELAXING TREE, 2020]

Other forms of relaxation can involve meditating, engaging in yoga exercises, participating in arts such as sewing, crocheting, knitting, reading publications from favorite bookstores, and taking a walk after dinner, which can help reduce a few calories as an added benefit.  Listening to quiet music, cooking/baking, gardening, housework, painting, sculpting, coloring in a coloring book, landscaping, drawing, building furniture, writing in a spiral notebook about one’s feelings and experiences, and watching television are also forms of relaxation.  

A Person Should Never Label Oneself

An important aspect to remember is that just because a person is diagnosed with a mental health condition doesn’t suggest even remotely that they are a mental health condition.  What the diagnosis means is that it’s another one of life’s challenges.  

A Person Should Never Blame Themselves, Nor Compare Themselves

Some people will experience influenza and will suffer from symptoms temporarily.  It could be because they’re younger, have no prior history of respiratory issues, and lack a compromised immune system.  Conversely, other people may have a longer bout of the illness since they have a prior history of respiratory issues, they’re older, and already have a compromised immune system.  

In a similar vein, each person who is diagnosed with a mental health condition may have a different reason for their mental health condition.  For example, a person could be diagnosed with schizophrenia because they also have a form of Alzheimer’s Disease (i.e., comorbidity–more than one condition).  Another person is diagnosed with schizophrenia because they have a sibling (twin) or a parent who was diagnosed with the condition years earlier (i.e., genetics).  In taking the conversation in another direction, a person could be diagnosed with mild depression and needs medication temporarily because it began with becoming overwhelmed by life.  They experienced too many negative personal life events.  And then for another person diagnosed with depression, they may have to use prescriptions for the rest of their life because their brain chemistry has changed dramatically. 

The associations, the causations, the bottom-up (i.e., physical illness bringing on the mental health condition), and other explanations are too involved and nuanced for the “How did this person acquire a mental health condition?”  Thus, there can be any number of reasons why a person acquired a mental health difficulty, and it may not be a similar reason for other people with the same condition.  Also, there could be situations where there are no known current explanations why someone ended up with a mental health condition, because those reasons are waiting for scientific discovery.

Getting Rid Of Stigmas

In the constant struggle to remove the stigma that remains in society concerning mental health challenges, people with psychiatric issues need to remember that they are not alone.  Everyone has some form of mental health issue.  Some mental health issues are minor, others are large, while others are dealing with comorbidity.  Whatever the circumstance, everyone has something they’re dealing with.  A person needs to keep going and live their life to the best of their ability!

There Is No Room For Negativity

Anyone who would make comments that a person with a mental health condition needs to “Get over it” or some other form of mocking/psychological abuse is not someone who should be in anyone’s social circle during the adjustment and recovery phase, and that could be for a lifetime.  When a person is dealing with a psychiatric issue, they need supportive individuals who provide empathy and lots of encouragement.  Actually, the toxic entities could be individuals who contributed to the mental health condition.

A Mental Health Issue Is Not Necessarily Psychiatric, Requiring Medication

A psychiatric issue occurs when the brain chemistry has changed (i.e., an imbalance of a specific neurotransmitter) and a clinical therapist is required (i.e., psychiatrist).  For instance, a person diagnosed with schizophrenia has an imbalance of dopamine (an imbalance of dopamine is associated with schizophrenia).  Thus, medication is necessary to create a healthy brain chemistry.  Other people may have phobias (i.e., height, insects, certain animals, specific places, etc.), and a psychologist would be suggested for learning techniques in removing said phobias.  A psychologist is ideal when experiencing relationship difficulties.  A psychologist might be used for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help a client learn new thinking strategies in maneuvering life, along with achieving goals.

The following is a video that talks about psychotherapy, which is a completely different brand of therapy altogether:

[VIDEO:  WHAT IS PSYCHOTHERAPY?  SOURCE:  PSYCH HUB, 2020]

Family Members Becoming Involved In Their Loved Ones’ Journey

It cannot be emphasized enough that family members can make important contributions when a person is diagnosed with a psychiatric condition.  Members can provide a guardrail of sorts in making certain that individuals keep doctor’s appointments with therapists and take prescribed medications.  They can even attend these doctor appointments with their loved ones.  The person diagnosed with a psychiatric condition can believe that they have partners in gaining a positive quality of life.  In extreme cases, a family member may need to obtain conservatorship.  All of these suggestions can avoid potential tragic situations with law enforcement, which we hear all too often in the media.

Weight Gain From Medications Is A Possibility, Although…

People who are diagnosed with a psychiatric condition need to ask the therapist for prescriptions that have a much lower possibility of weight gain.  Many of these psychotropics and antidepressants (Bright Horizons Psychiatry, 2024) are not only responsible for a larger waistline, but also for the possibility of experiencing metabolic syndrome because of the additional weight gain (i.e., higher blood pressure, higher blood sugar leading to cardiovascular issues) (Cleveland Clinic, 2025).   Conversely, a psychotropic and antidepressant may not necessarily cause actual weight gain.  Taking these medications can result in a complete change to the body’s metabolism.  Some individuals can experience fatigue, water retention, hormonal changes, and other modifications without additional calories to their diet (Bright Horizons Psychiatry, 2024).

As an aside, imagine the middle-aged woman who was already experiencing metabolic syndrome because of weight gain from hormonal changes (menopause), and is now prescribed an antidepressant or psychotropic.  She will have to worry about even more weight gain difficulties, and unfortunately, could become a likely candidate for cardiovascular issues, and worse.

An Important No-No

If a person wants to go off their medication, that procedure needs to be done with the guidance of the therapist and gradually!  Waking up one morning and deciding to cease taking medication can send an individual spiraling out of control, and with tragic consequences to themselves and others.

Finally, dealing with a mental health condition, especially one that has altered the brain chemistry, is rough!  Having said that, once a person has gained clarity through doctor visits and taking medication, a person could use their condition and start anew with living their life instead of merely existing!  

Here’s wishing you good health, love, and lots of understanding!

Vikki

References

American Academy Of Neurology.  (2025).  Brain Health For All.  Retrieved From https://www.aan.com/

American Psychological Association. (2025).  We promote psychological science and knowledge to benefit society and improve lives.  Retrieved From apa.org

Behavioral Scientist.  (2025).  Health.  Retrieved From https://behavioralscientist.org/topics/health/

Better Health Channel.  (2022).  Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT).  Retrieved From https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cognitive-behaviour-therapy

Bright Horizons Psychiatry. (2024).  Managing Weight Gain Caused By Psychiatric Medication.  Retrieved From https://brighthorizonspsychiatry.com/managing-weight-gain-caused-by-psychiatric-medication/

Cleveland Clinic.  (2025).  Metabolic Syndrome.  Retrieved From https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10783-metabolic-syndrome

deVries, L. P., van de Weijer, M. P., and Bartels, M.  (2022).  The Human Physiology Of Well-Being: A Systematic Review On The Association Between Neurotransmitters, Hormones, Inflammatory Markers, The Microbiome And Well-Being.  (Vol. 139). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104733  Retrieved From https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763422002226

Europe’s Journal Of Psychology.  (2025).  An Online-Only, Open-Access Journal For Scientific Inquiries Into A Wide Range Of Topics In Psychology – Free Of Charge For Authors And Readers.  Retrieved From https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop

Healthcare Communications Network.  (2025).  Psychiatry.  Retrieved From https://hcn.health/hcn-trends-story/category/psychiatry/

Healthline.  (2025).  Mental Well-Being.  Retrieved From https://www.healthline.com/mental-health

JAMA Network.  (2025).  Psychiatry.  Retrieved From https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry

MDPI.  (2025).  Journal Of Behavioral Sciences.  Retrieved From https://mdpi.com/journal/behavsci

MedicalNewsToday.  (2025).  Mental Health.  Take Care Of Your Mental Well-Being With Evidenced-Backed Resources.  Retrieved From https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/mental-health

Miller, C. (2025).  Mental Health Disorders And Teen Substance Use.  Why It’s Especially Tempting – And Risky – For Kids With Emotional Or Behavioral Challenges.  Retrieved From https://childmind.org/article/mental-health-disorders-and-substance-use/

National Alliance On Mental Illness.  (2025).  Dissociative Disorders.  Retrieved From https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/dissociative-disorders/

Neuroscience News.  (2025).  Latest Neuroscience News.  Retrieved From https://neurosciencenews.com/

NewScientist.  (2025).  Mind.  Retrieved From https://www.newscientist.com/subject/mind/

Psyche.  (2025).  Know Your Self.  Retrieved From https://psyche.co/

Psych Hub.  (2020, November 3).  What Is Psychotherapy?  [VIDEO].  Retrieved From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmHcB8aOlkI

Psychiatrist.  (2025).  Just Published.  Retrieved From https://www.psychiatrist.com/

Relaxing Tree.  (2020, October 10).  4K Relaxing Nature Sounds – Short Video Clips Of Nature.  [VIDEO].  Retrieved From https://youtu.be/nqye02H_H6I?si=iHaQAgPVoU025-mF

ScienceDaily.  (2025). Mind & Brain News.  Retrieved From https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/

Smithsonian Magazine.  (2025).  Science/Mind & Body.  Retrieved From smithsonianmag.com/category/mind-body

Taylor & Francis Online.  The Journal Of Social Psychology.  Latest Articles.  Retrieved From https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showAxaArticles?journalCode=vsoc20

The British Psychological Society.  (2025).  Explore Psychological Publications.  Retrieved From https://explore.bps.org.uk/

The Scientist.  (2025).  Exploring Life, Inspiring Innovation.  Retrieved From https://www.the-scientist.com/tag/psychology

Therapy In A Nutshell.  (2025).  No One Ever Taught You How To Regulate Your Emotions.  Let’s Change That Today.  Retrieved From https://therapyinanutshell.com/

Thompson, D.  (2025).  Industrial Chemical Linked To Parkinson’s Disease.  Retrieved From https://www.medicinenet.com/industrial_chemical_linked_to_parkinsons_disease/news.htm

Wiley Online Library.  (2025)  Psychiatry.  Retrieved From https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?AllField=psychiatry

World Health Organization.  (2025).  Bipolar Disorder.  Retrieved From https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

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Brain Trauma, Neuroscience & Disabling That Culprit Molecule

Zeldovich (2021) reports about an exciting study which can potentially benefit many who suffer from brain trauma injuries in, “This Molecule Could Be the Key to Understanding Why Concussions Have Such Long-Term Effects | Science | Smithsonian Magazine.”

Vikki

Reference

Zeldovich, L. (2021). This Molecule Could Be The Key To Understanding Why Concussions Have Such Long-Term Effects. Retrieved From This Molecule Could Be the Key to Understanding Why Concussions Have Such Long-Term Effects | Science | Smithsonian Magazine

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COVID-19, The Brain, Cognitive Impairment

 

Is there a direct link to cognitive issues and COVID-19?  “COVID-19’s Effects On The Brain” (Zimmer, 2021) investigates what numerous patients are dealing with.

 

Vikki

 

Reference

Zimmer, K. (2021).  COVID-19’s Effects On The Brain. Retrieved From

COVID-19’s Effects on the Brain | The Scientist Magazine® (the-scientist.com)

 

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The Mind Is A Sanctuary, Protecting That Sanctuary With Old Familiar Things When Society Has Lost Its Way (Again), A Spiritual Message

 

Favorites which are:

 

– Biblical passages;

– Mentoring children;

– Volunteering at nursing homes;

– Listening to certain music;

– Reading publications (Poetry, Fiction, etc.);

– Viewing television, film, stage productions from long ago;

– Creating art;

– Photography,

– Gardening.

 

These activities, pursuits, can bring comfort temporarily, but have long-term health benefits.  Returning us to days of yore.  Great memories.  In maintaining contentment.  A positive attitude.

 

These are examples of reinforcing healthy, strong coping skills.

 

What are your examples?

 

Vikki

 

 

 

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Unlocking a Brighter Future for Locked-In Syndrome

It’s devastating when someone experiences a stroke!  To worsen matters, there’s the possibility of acquiring Locked-In Syndrome (LIS) which can rob them of their dignity. Science Daily (2013) reported that,

“LIS results from a lesion to the brainstem, which can occur when a stroke impacts this specific small area at the junction between the spinal cord and the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The lesion blocks the brain’s motor pathways, resulting in almost complete paralysis.”

Please share this article with loved ones who have risk factors for stroke.

Reference

Science Daily. (2013). Unlocking a Brighter Future for Locked-In Syndrome. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131017080702.htm From Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.

Vikki